基于孔径长度域重采样的快速恒定束宽波束形成

为解决宽带阵列天线波束宽度抖动的问题,在分析阵元权系数和阵列方向图傅里叶变换关系的基础上,提出了一种基于孔径长度域重采样的快速恒定束宽宽带波束形成方法。该方法通过期望方向图的傅里叶反变换获取孔径长度域上的权系数曲线,然后用不同的采样间隔对该权系数曲线进行重采样得到不同频率下的阵元权系数。由于仅需进行一次积分运算,该方法具有运算量小、速度快的特点。为使阵列方向图在恒定束宽的基础上具有更好的方向性,通过对孔径长度域拟合度的分析给出了期望方向图的设计方法。仿真结果表明所提方法可以快速形成方向性较好的宽带阵列恒定束宽方向图。     

基于粒子滤波步行长度预测的移动ad hoc网络路由算法

针对移动ad hoc网络拓扑结构变化大、路由复杂度高、数据传输性能低等问题,提出了一种新的移动通信系统自适应路由算法。为了使得网络拓扑结构更接近移动网络间歇性连接的特点,该算法在网络结构上采用了一种改进的Levy Walk移动模型。采用一种粒子滤波步行长度预测的方法,通过蒙特卡罗抽样得到递归贝叶斯滤波器,并在粒子滤波后进行步行长度预测,确定消息的副本数量,从而减少由于节点转发过多消息副本带来的能量消耗量,提高消息的传递效率。实验仿真结果表明：与基于改进蚁群优化和利润优化模型的路由算法相比,该算法的消息传递成功率分别提高了0.08和0.04,节点平均能量效率提高了17.9%和13.4%,在提升数据传输成功率和节能上具有较好效果。     

Indoline‐Based Molecular Engineering for Optimizing the Performance of Photoactive Thin Films

New indoline dyes ( RK‐1 – 4 ) were designed with a planar geometry and high molar extinction coefficient, which provided surprising power conversion efficiency (PCE) with a thin titanium dioxide film in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSCs). They had a difference in only alkyl chain length. Despite the same molecular structure, the performance of the respective DSCs varied significantly. Investigating the dye adsorption processes and charge transfer kinetics, the alkyl chain length was determined to affect the dye surface coverage as well as the recombination between the injected photoelectrons and the oxidized redox mediators. When applied to the DSCs as a light harvester, RK‐3 with the dodecyl group exhibited the best photocurrent density, consequently achieving the best PCE of 9.1% with a 1.8 μm active and 2.5 μm scattering layer because of the most favorable charge injection. However, when increasing the active layer thickness, overall device performance deteriorated and the charge collection and regeneration played major roles for determining the PCE. Therefore, RK‐2 featuring the highest surface coverage and moderate alkyl chain length obtained the highest PCEs of 8.8% and 7.9% with 3.5 and 5.1 μm active layers, respectively. These results present a promising perspective of organic dye design for thin film DSCs.     

Systematic Study of Widely Applicable N‐Doping Strategy for High‐Performance Solution‐Processed Field‐Effect Transistors

A specific design for solution‐processed doping of active semiconducting materials would be a powerful strategy in order to improve device performance in flexible and/or printed electronics. Tetrabutylammonium fluoride and tetrabutylammonium hydroxide contain Lewis base anions, F^? and OH^?, respectively, which are considered as organic dopants for efficient and cost‐effective n‐doping processes both in n‐type organic and nanocarbon‐based semiconductors, such as poly[[N,N′‐bis(2‐octyldodecyl)‐naphthalene‐1,4,5,8‐bis(dicarboximide)‐2,6‐diyl]‐alt‐5,5′‐(2,2′‐bithiophene)] (P(NDI2OD‐T2)) and selectively dispersed semiconducting single‐walled carbon nanotubes by π‐conjugated polymers. The dramatic enhancement of electron transport properties in field‐effect transistors is confirmed by the effective electron transfer from the dopants to the semiconductors as well as controllable onset and threshold voltages, convertible charge‐transport polarity, and simultaneously showing excellent device stabilities under ambient air and bias stress conditions. This simple solution‐processed chemical doping approach could facilitate the understanding of both intrinsic and extrinsic charge transport characteristics in organic semiconductors and nanocarbon‐based materials, and is thus widely applicable for developing high‐performance organic and printed electronics and optoelectronics devices.     

High‐Performance All‐Polymer Photoresponse Devices Based on Acceptor–Acceptor Conjugated Polymers

Three acceptor–acceptor (A–A) type conjugated polymers based on isoindigo and naphthalene diimide/perylene diimide are designed and synthesized to study the effects of building blocks and alkyl chains on the polymer properties and performance of all‐polymer photoresponse devices. Variation of the building blocks and alkyl chains can influence the thermal, optical, and electrochemical properties of the polymers, as indicated by thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, UV–vis, cyclic voltammetry, and density functional theory calculations. Based on the A–A type conjugated polymers, the most efficient all‐polymer photovoltaic cells are achieved with an efficiency of 2.68%, and the first all‐polymer photodetectors are constructed with high responsivity (0.12 A W^?1) and detectivity (1.2 × 10¹² Jones), comparable to those of the best fullerene based organic photodetectors and inorganic photodetectors. Photoluminescence spectra, charge transport properties, and morphology of blend films are investigated to elucidate the influence of polymeric structures on device performances. This contribution demonstrates a strategy of systematically tuning the polymeric structures to achieve high performance all‐polymer photoresponse devices.     

Improved Morphology and Efficiency of Polymer Solar Cells by Processing Donor–Acceptor Copolymer Additives

A novel wide‐bandgap conjugated polymer PBTA‐FPh based on benzodithiophene‐alt‐benzo[1,2,3]triazole as the main chain and a polar pentafluorothiophenyl (FPh) group in the side chain has been designed and synthesized. In comparison to the pristine polymer PBTA‐BO that consists of nonpolar alkyl side chains, the resulting PBTA‐FPh exhibits less pronounced aggregation while possessing analogous optical and electrochemical bandgaps. Contact angle measurements demonstrate that the surface energy can be enhanced by incorporating FPh moiety, leading to a better miscibility of PBTA‐BO with PC₇₁BM in the presence of a certain amount of PBTA‐FPh. The photoactive layer of PBTA‐BO:PC₇₁BM:PBTA‐FPh with weight ratio of 1:1.2:0.02% exhibits a percolated network with the fibrous features, as revealed by transmission electron microscopy measurements. Of particular interest is the significantly improved photovoltaic performances of polymer solar cell devices for which the power conversion efficiency is enhanced from 6.46% for the control device to 7.91% for device processed with PBTA‐FPh as the polymeric additive. These observations indicate that introducing donor–acceptor type of polymeric additive comprising of polar groups in the side chain can be a promising strategy for the fabrication of high‐performance polymer solar cells.     

光栅粘贴长度对应变传递影响的实验研究

表面粘贴作为光栅主要的粘贴方式之一,简单方便,应用广泛。光纤光栅实际栅区长约1.0~1.5cm,解调仪反映的是栅区的综合变化,实际粘贴长度影响测量结果。该文就光纤光栅不同粘贴长度影响应变测量结果作了实验研究,发现粘贴长度越长,结果与实际应变的误差就越小,实验结果将为光纤光栅封装等提供参考。     

涂覆层对光纤布拉格光栅应变传递的影响机理分析

利用光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)测量结构物表面的应变时,FBG的涂覆层会对其应变传递产生影响,从而造成测量结果与真实应变之间有较大的差异。针对此问题,建立了应变传递模型对有涂覆层和无涂覆层两种FBG应变传递率进行了理论分析,得出了两者的平均应变传递率随粘贴长度的增大而增大。为了验证理论模型的适用性,进行了等强度梁实验,实验结果表明在相同的粘贴长度下有涂覆层FBG的平均应变传递率较低,且其最大平均应变传递率仅能达到92%,而无涂覆层FBG在粘贴长度达到6 cm时,应变传递率已经可以达到99%,可以满足绝大多数的应变测量需求。所建立的应变传递数学模型与实际的试验验证结果相符,深刻揭示了涂覆层对FBG应变传递率的影响规律,为FBG应变测量的工程应用提供了重要的参考。     

基于SWRXD的5083/6082异种铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头的残余应力分布规律

以5083铝与6082铝为研究对象,利用搅拌摩擦焊（friction stir welding,FSW）制备了异种材料对接接头.利用短波长X射线衍射（short-wavelength X-ray diffraction,SWRXD）技术,以{311}与{111}为衍射晶面,基于极图最外圈织构参量确定了残余应力测试方向,采用d₀法研究了FSW焊件中心层的残余应力.结果表明,{111}和{311}晶面测试的纵向残余应力分布趋势相近,焊核区为拉应力并出现两个应力峰值;{111}晶面的测试结果更为离散,应力的峰值向前进侧偏移;采用{111}晶面测试的横向的残余应力分布趋势与{311}晶面测试的结果偏差较大.     

BFRP筋与蒸养混凝土粘结性能研究

为研究BFRP筋与混凝土粘结性能,将BFRP筋混凝土试件蒸养8h后再各标养3d及28d,对试件进行中心拉拔试验。研究不同龄期试件破坏形态及试件粘结强度随混凝土强度和粘结长度变化的规律,利用1st Opt软件对试件粘结强度与影响因素关系进行二次非线性曲面拟合。结果表明,试件主要破坏形态为BFRP筋拔出和混凝土劈拉破坏;与粘结长度相比,混凝土强度对不同龄期试件的粘结强度影响较显著,C40比C25增幅达29.1%,17.5d比7.5d降幅达21.4%;1st Opt软件拟合的粘结强度公式为确定不同混凝土强度、不同粘结长度下试件不同龄期的粘结强度值提供理论依据。